As the election cycle in the U.S. entered its final stretches, many personae non gratae have emerged, aiming to influence the election at the last minute by spreading political misinformation and disinformation. They include the Russian government and the individuals and groups it sponsored, such as the Internet Research Agency (IRA). They are allegedly waging political disinformation campaigns targeting the upcoming U.S. election, intended to spread disinformation, sow divisions among the U.S. electorate, affect the electoral outcome, and ultimately degrade the democratic system.

With the onset of the pandemic, several countries and local governments, including state governments in the U.S., are considering or have adopted online voting, also known as remote voting or Internet-voting. Some countries, such as Estonia, have fully embraced I-voting as a regular mode of voting. Moreover, many governments have already adopted tools of electronic voting, such as electronic---usually paperless---voting machines, in their process of election administration. Experts estimate that up to 12 percent of voters will vote on paperless equipment in the 2020 U.S. elections.